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Biology has the tendency to repurpose existing mechanisms for other things. If an illness affects one of these processes, it might affect others as well.


"Proof of" is a euphemism for "waste of resources" in general.


Only in cryptocurrency, i.e. in the cargo cult of finance.

In real world finance a common stock is proof of making a useful investment at some point in the past, when the stock certificate was issued in return for capital. Same with other tradeable and non-tradeable assets.


But this isn't proof, that financial stock certificate. It's actually fiat: the clearinghouse or the national registry says who owns what and the court can change it.

The crypto version of proof is closer to a bearer bond or a bar of gold: whoever has possession has possession.


Yes, you pointed out why the analogy isn't perfect, all the while missing the point entirely.

In cargo cults it would be like complaining that the control tower made of wood has the wrong number of windows, all the while missing the fact that you don't have any aircraft.


No, the point I'm making is that there are conflicting definitions of proof here. The same word means different things.


If two crypto bros go to court, the one who refuses to follow the judges ruling gets to stay in jail. How does crypto help with that? Possession is 9/10ths, but the state is 100%.


Has anyone asked ChatGPT already? Using ChatGPT to find the correct search terms for vaguely described concepts seems very powerful. Knowing the correct terms makes or breaks web searches in my experience.


I can vouch for that. A friend built one of these and since it worked really well, so I and some others built five more last year. Make sure to put a piece of window screen over the openings of the tube to keep insects and spiders out. If you have enough dexterity, you can even hide the screen inside the opening of the tube to make it less unsightly.


These measurement devices have a limited lifetime and I think it is really the intake of dust and dirt that limits how long they can be used. That's why they're not running continously but for some seconds every few minutes (because flowing air will carry dust much more easily). If it's clogged up with dust or dirt, it really might be at end of life. I keep the electronics and sensor of mine in a closed box if I am not operating it.


Yes. But I can't see that, the sensor will still output values regardless of being clogged up. Not sure if I can open the device without destroying it, haven't tried. The power runs all the time as long as the USB cable is connected, but it's only a Serial-USB converter.


I agree, a lot of people do not seem to understand that these measures were a "defense in depth" thing.


And also the basic ideas of probability – it isn't _guaranteed_ to protect you, but if it reduces the average rate of infection by x% that's a _huge_ difference at the population level!


I guess that had to be expected given how people flaunted their ignorance of basic calculus curriculum around in the past. Turns out uneducated citizens lead to suboptimal decisionmaking.


A surprising number of politicians are unable to grasp the basic ideas of the exponential function (i.e. it grows _exponentially_).


Russia biggest problem is that once they were a great nation. Now they are no longer but can't accept that. Since they have no way of keeping up with the others, all they can do is putting a spoke in the wheel of the others. If they hadn't been great or could accept that they are no longer, they could work their way up again for sure. Today they spend too much money on military and too little on development.


These exact same words could have been said about the USA also. I think all these big countries just become massively corrupt in the end.


No, they could not been said like this. No matter what opinion one has about USA, it is certainly not economically weak or dysfunctional.


Dysfunctional yes, and increasingly so. Economically weak no.


I wouldn't call debts of 30 trillion 'economically strong'.

Anybody can live well if they are happy using their credit card and never expecting to pay it back.


At interest rate of ~1.5%. Is that what a credit card interest rate looks like?

Interest on debt looks like ~450B / yr, like 2.1% of our GDP to maintain the debt. Would you say someone who spends 2% of their income to maintain debt as someone in danger of collapse?

I agree we have way too much debt and need to consolidate it and practice fiscal responsibility. But fortunately the debt is insanely far within manageable status. Were that money used wisely (it isn't) on investing in infrastructure and research, the yield would be much higher than the interest.


Increase that interest rate just 1% to 2.5%.

Then the interest payments are the same number as the over-bloated defense budget: 750 billion a year.

So, the old question: Guns? Or butter?

An aside:

In my lifetime, the highest interest rate was roughly 20%. That would cause monetary collapse in the US today with an interest load of 6 trillion bucks a year.


I'm with you that debt could become a liability and it would be wise to balance the budget. On the other hand, ye old money printer can always just buy it out :/


On the other hand, ye old money printer can always just buy it out :/

Tell that to the folks in Zimbabwe. :D


> I wouldn't call debts of 30 trillion 'economically strong'.

> Anybody can live well if they are happy using their credit card and never expecting to pay it back.

You realise that countries do not retire, yes? And they have a goal of ensuring that their inflation is set between specific, low-but-positive bounds? This is what countries do and have done for centuries - they pay off the interest until the principle is eaten away by inflation. When you are functionally immortal this is an effective strategy.

We live in a period of historically low bond yields and interest rates. If a country has to effectively pay near zero interest, it is in their interests to loan as much as possible. So long as the debt load year-on-year is insignificant compared to the GDP, it is money for jam. The bond terms do not change just because domestic interest rates increase.

This is why you rarely hear non-partisan economists complain about debt load in the US. It's not a huge problem, especially compared with the degradation of secular institutions.


Another one springs to mind...


Here is an idea: you have to return books with interest, i.e. by adding thoughtful annotations.


Much better than paying interest on monetary loans.


You have one of these multi-function printers in your company’s office? Chances are that your company is using someone’s services for maintenance work and toner supply. Bad news: without these chips, the copier does not/cannot keep track of the number of pages printed (or at least it doesn’t show in Canon’s fleet management tool from what I heard). This means the service contractor doesn’t get to know in time anymore when your printer is low on toner and cannot ship new cartridges to you in advance. You will only notice when it has already run out. Maybe ask for a spare set of toner in advance.


Here is an example by the singer / band "Marina and the Diamonds". The song is called "Forget":

https://youtu.be/17UL5ks9amY?t=169


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