It's a nice idea, I quite like how it visualizes how bloom filters works!
In practice it is probably a bit too complicated to be used - especially once you take into account things like routing (you can either travel A-B-D or A-C-D) and indirect lines (One line goes A-B, another goes A-C-D-E-F-G-B. You obviously would prefer the second).
In my experience, the problem has mostly been solved by public transport apps, which simply provide you with an itinerary. For example:
Option 1: At 13:14, take bus 5 heading to Hauptbahnhof. At 13:45, take the train with destination Berlin-Spandau departing from platform 3 until it arrives at Sudkreuz. At 14:15, take bus 30 heading towards Tempelhof departing from stop A until you reach Paradestrasse.
Option 2: At 13:20, take bus 6 heading to Hauptbahnhof. At 13:45, ....
Combine that with a neat little GUI and there is zero thinking involved. No need to care about timetables and destinations, just follow the instructions to the letter. It can even auto-update when there are delays if the vehicles have GPS trackers.
Apps are great until you have a dead phone or you lose it or you lose internet. I can see something like this being useful as an adjunct to the normal format: more skillful users can save time, less skillful users can use the old method.
However it is a big investment to change all the signs and public utilities are not known for sophistication, so it will never become a reality.
I think more skilful users already get by quite fine even with the current system – I never felt lost or had difficulties the way the OP described, even when travelling outside of my hometown.
In practice it is probably a bit too complicated to be used - especially once you take into account things like routing (you can either travel A-B-D or A-C-D) and indirect lines (One line goes A-B, another goes A-C-D-E-F-G-B. You obviously would prefer the second).
In my experience, the problem has mostly been solved by public transport apps, which simply provide you with an itinerary. For example:
Option 1: At 13:14, take bus 5 heading to Hauptbahnhof. At 13:45, take the train with destination Berlin-Spandau departing from platform 3 until it arrives at Sudkreuz. At 14:15, take bus 30 heading towards Tempelhof departing from stop A until you reach Paradestrasse.
Option 2: At 13:20, take bus 6 heading to Hauptbahnhof. At 13:45, ....
Combine that with a neat little GUI and there is zero thinking involved. No need to care about timetables and destinations, just follow the instructions to the letter. It can even auto-update when there are delays if the vehicles have GPS trackers.