I don't see any point behind an offline electronic cash system; they barely made sense in the 1990s, and once there was ubiquitous Internet, made even less sense.
They only make sense for transit (or other one-way systems, not peer to peer), and there, providing Internet at the point of sale is easy.
They only make sense for transit (or other one-way systems, not peer to peer), and there, providing Internet at the point of sale is easy.