1. Access to hardware performance counters and energy counters
2. Easily loadable custom drivers
3. File system that is not slow as hell ("Getting the modification time of a file ... seems to be about 100 times slower on Windows than it is on Linux"[1])
4. Practical mechanism to allocate large pages
5. Futex
In the ecosystem:
1. Package manager
2. C99 compiler
3. POSIX environment (a lot of scientific libraries and tools depend on it)
1. Access to hardware performance counters and energy counters
2. Easily loadable custom drivers
3. File system that is not slow as hell ("Getting the modification time of a file ... seems to be about 100 times slower on Windows than it is on Linux"[1])
4. Practical mechanism to allocate large pages
5. Futex
In the ecosystem:
1. Package manager
2. C99 compiler
3. POSIX environment (a lot of scientific libraries and tools depend on it)
[1] http://www.aosabook.org/en/posa/ninja.html