This SO thread has some interesting answers: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/118984/how-can-you-progra...

Nolan Darilek is a blind developer who comments on HN occasionally about the topic. https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=ndarilek

Sam Hartman is an extremely competent, blind developer.

http://raphaelhertzog.com/2011/06/24/people-behin-debian-sam...

The Debian project has multiple blind developers. One serves on the Debian Technical Committee.

Useful packages include brltty (for Braille terminals), emacspeak, and orca.

I think blind programmers mostly just use ASCII braille, with standard accessibility equipment like braillers, braille notetakers, and screenreaders.